Rationale: Incubation of craving is a phenomenon whereby responding for cues associated with a reward increases over extended periods of abstinence.Both contingent and non-contingent behavioral designs have been used to study the incubation of craving phenomenon with differing results.The present study directly compares behavioral and neural change

Bread is the oldest and most essential food consumed by humans, with its consumption exceeding nutritional needs and becoming part of cultural habits.Fermentation is an important step in the bread-making process, giving it its rheological, organoleptic, aromatic, and nutritional properties.Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts are both responsible for th

The cardiac Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) is a membrane glycoprotein fundamental for proper cell functioning due its multiple housekeeping tasks, including regulation of intracellular pH, Na+ concentration, and cell volume.In the heart, hyperactivation of NHE1 has been linked to the development of different pathologies.Several studies in animal models th

Abstract Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease leading to destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells.Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to pathogenesis.The incidence of T1D is increasing worldwide, with significant geographic and ethnic variations.Patients present with yale law school colors symptoms o

Purpose: Binocular traumatic or atraumatic iris defects can lead to an increased sensitivity to glare and cosmetic disfigurement.Surgical iris reconstruction is one approach to alleviate these problems.We report the clinical outcomes after medically indicated bilateral implantation of an Artificial Iris prosthesis in three patients with binocular i